General Information

Submitted by admin on Wed, 12/10/2008 - 13:26

North East India comprises:

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Manipur

Meghalaya

Mizoram

Nagaland

Sikkim

Tripura

International Boundaries:

North	China
South West	Bangladesh
North West	Bhutan
East	Myanmar

The Macmahon line separates North East India from Tibet. This region is connected with the rest of India only through a narrow corridor in North Bengal, having an approximate width of 33 km on the eastern side and 21 km on the western side. This narrow corridor is popularly known as the "Siliguri neck" or the "Chicken's neck".

Latitude : 21.57°N - 29.30°N	Longitude : 88°E - 97.30°E
Area covered : 262185 Sq. Km

North East India is mostly hilly; it has plains on both sides of the river Brahmaputra and the Himalayan range around it. The flora and fauna of this region is numerous and varied.

The region accounts for 7.9% of the total land space of the country. Hill ranges forming part of the Himalayas guard the northern side of the region. The area is made up of mountains above the snow line and plains a little higher than sea level.

The region is of strategic importance for the country on account of the fact that nearly 90% of its borders form India's international boundaries.

Topography: About 70% of the region is hilly, and the topography varies within each state. Mountains and hills cover most of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Sikkim and about half of Tripura, one-fifth of Assam and nine-tenth of Manipur.

The plains of the region are mainly made up of separate land masses - the Brahmaputra Valley and the Barak Valley in Assam and the Tripura plains in the South. In Manipur, the valley is small, comprising only about 10% of the total area of the state.

The Brahmaputra Valley stretches longitudinally for about 730 km, from North Lakhimpur to Dhubri district in Assam. The Barak Valley, formed by the river Barak and its tributaries covers the districts of Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi of South Assam. The Tripura plain is an extension of the Ganga-Brahmaputra plain.

The topography of the hills is generally rugged and vast areas are inaccessible.

Rainfall: The rainy season in this region generally commences from March and lasts till the middle of October. The total annual rainfall varies significantly in the region. In Khasi and Jaintia Hills, the annual intensity of rainfall reaches the maximum of about 1080-cm around Cherrapunjee and Mawsynram (having highest rainfall in the world). It is significantly low in the rainshadow area of Nagaon district in Assam. About two-thirds of the annual total rainfall occurs during the four monsoon months of June to September.

DEMOGRAPHY:

Some of the salient feature of North Eastern Region including Sikkim:

State	Area in Sq. Km.	Population (Person)	Decadal Growth Rate (1991-2001)	Density per sq. km.	Sex Ratio (females '000 males)	Percentage of Main workers
Arunachal Pradesh	83743	1097968	27.00	13	893	37.66
Assam	78438	26655528	18.92	340	935	26.57
Manipur	22327	216786	24.86**	103*	974*	31.67**
Meghalaya	22429	2318822	30.65	103	972	32.03
Mizoram	22081	888573	28.82	42	935	40.95
Nagaland	16579	1990036	64.53	120	900	35.38
Sikkim	7096	540851	33.06	76	875	39.29
Tripura	10486	3199203	16.03	305	948	28.33
Total NER	263179	38857769	21.61	148	937	--
All India	3287263	1028610328	21.54	313	933	--

* Population , Density and Sex ratio includes estimated population of Paomata, Mao Maram and Purual

sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur for 2001.

** Excludes Mao Maram, Paomata & Purul sub-division of Senapati Dist.

Source : Basic Statistics of NER 2006.

Statistical Pocket Book India 2008

Population Trends in Northeastern Region:

(Thousands Persons)

States	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001
Arunachal Pradesh*	-	-	-	-	337	468	632	865	1098
Assam @	4637	5560	6695	8029	10837	14625	18041	22414	26656
Manipur#	384	446	512	578	780	1073	1421	1837	2294
Meghalaya	422	481	556	606	769	1012	1336	1775	2319
Mizoram	98	124	153	196	266	332	494	690	889
Nagaland	159	179	190	213	369	516	775	1210	1990
Sikkim	82	110	122	138	162	210	316	406	541
Tripura	304	382	513	639	1142	1556	2053	2757	3199
All India**#	251321	278977	218661	361088	439235	548160	683329@	846303	1028737

* Censused for the first time in 1961

@ The 1981 Census could not be held in Assam. The population figures for 1981 for Assam have been worked out by interpolation.

** The 1991 Census could not be held in Jammu & Kashmir. The population figure for 1991 for Jammu & Kashmir has been worked out by interpolation

# India and and Manipur figures include estimated figure for three sub-divisions viz. Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati district of Manipur as censused results of 2001 census were cancelled in these three sub-divisions due to technical and administrative reasons.

Source: Basic Statistics of NER 2006

Distribution of Population by Area-2001 (Persons):

State	Total	Rural	Urban
Arunachal Pradesh	1097961	870087	227881
Assam	26655528	232116288	3439240
Manipur	2166700	1590820	575968
Meghalaya	2318822	1864711	454111
Mizoram	888575	447567	441006
Nagaland	1990036	1647249	342787
Sikkim	540851	480981	59870
Tripura	3199203	2653453	545750
Total	28857769	32771156	6086613
All India	1028610328	742490639	286119689

Source : NER Basic Statistics 2006

Total Population, Population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and their proportions to the total population:

State	Total Population	Scheduled Castes (SC) Population	Scheduled Tribes (ST) Population	Proportion of SC population	Proportion of ST population
Arunachal Pradesh	1097968	6188	705158	0.6	64.2
Assam	26655528	1825949	3308570	6.9	12.4
Manipur	2166788	60037	741141	2.8	34.2
Meghalaya	2318822	11139	1992862	0.5	85.9
Mizoram	888573	272	839310	0.0	94.5
Nagaland	1990036	-	1774026	0.0	89.1
Sikkim	540851	27165	111405	5.0	20.6
Tripura	3199203	555724	993426	17.4	31.1

Source: Primary Census Abstract: Census of India 2001

Number of Literate and literacy rate by sex (2001 Census):

State	Population			Number of literates			Literacy rate
State	Person	Male	Female	Person	Male	Female	Person	Male	Female
Arunachal Pradesh	1097968	579941	518027	484785	303281	181504	54.3	63.84	43.54
Assam	26655528	13777037	12878491	14015354	8188697	5826657	63.37	71.3	54.6
Manipur	2166788	1095634	1071154	1310534	753466	557068	70.5	80.3	60.5
Meghalaya	2318822	1176087	1142735	1157875	614272	543603	62.6	65.4	59.6
Mizoram	888573	459109	429464	661445	350105	311340	88.8	90.7	86.7
Nagaland	1990036	1047141	942895	1132323	640201	492122	66.6	71.2	61.5
Sikkim	540851	288484	252367	318335	189060	129275	68.8	76.0	60.4
Tripura	3199203	1642225	1556978	2022099	1150707	871392	73.2	81.0	64.9

Source: Primary Census Abstract: Census of India 2001

State-wise Literacy Rate by Sex for Rural/Urban Areas in India
(Census 2001)

States	Rural			Urban			Total
States	Males	Females	Person	Males	Females	Person	Males	Females	Person
Arunachal Pradesh	57.65	36.94	47.83	85.19	69.49	78.26	63.83	43.53	54.34
Assam	68.22	50.70	59.73	89.74	80.24	85.34	71.28	54.61	63.25
Manipur*	77.31	56.95	67.29	88.71	70.01	79.28	80.33	60.53	70.53
Meghalaya	59.24	53.24	56.29	89.05	83.50	86.30	65.43	59.61	62.56
Mizoram	84.93	77.26	81.27	96.43	95.80	96.13	90.72	86.75	88.80
Nagaland	67.58	57.52	62.79	87.44	81.42	84.74	71.16	61.46	66.59
Sikkim	74.45	58.01	66.82	87.81	79.16	83.91	76.04	60.40	68.81
Tripura	78.40	60.50	69.72	93.21	85.03	89.21	81.02	64.91	73.19

Note : * : Excluding Mao-Maram, Paomata Purul sub-divisions of Senapati
District of Manipur.

Sources: Department of Secondary & Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India

State-wise Effective Literacy Rate by Sex in NER, (1961 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001) :

States	Particulars	Literacy Percentage
States	Particulars	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001
Arunachal Pradesh	Male	53.37	20.63	33.36	51.45	64.07
	Female	24.06	4.43	13.39	29.69	44.24
	Total	47.93	13.26	24.24	41.59	54.74
Assam	Male	44.28	44.31	-	61.87	71.93
	Female	19.63	23.52	-	43.03	56.03
	Total	32.98	34.60	-	52.89	64.28
Manipur	Male	-	53.70	61.05	71.63	77.87
	Female	-	22.87	33.39	47.60	59.70
	Total	-	38.47	47.45	59.89	68.87
Meghalaya	Male	-	40.44	44.26	53.12	66.14
	Female	-	29.31	35.41	44.85	60.41
	Total	-	35.06	39.95	49.10	63.31
Mizoram	Male	-	-	74.32	85.61	90.69
	Female	-	-	64.53	78.60	86.13
	Total	-	-	69.66	82.27	88.49
Nagaland	Male	27.21	39.65	56.20	67.62	71.77
	Female	13.04	21.56	38.77	54.75	61.92
	Total	20.43	31.32	48.20	61.65	67.11
Sikkim	Male	22.36	28.52	50.49	65.70	76.73
	Female	4.93	10.31	26.17	46.76	61.46
	Total	14.15	20.22	39.58	56.94	69.68
Tripura	Male	-	46.84	58.35	70.58	81.47
	Female	-	24.84	36.28	49.65	65.41
	Total	-	36.19	47.64	60.44	73.66

Note : Literates for the Census 1961 and 1981 Related to Population 5 Years and Above whereas for the Year
1991 and Onwards Related to the Population 7 Years and Above.
Compiled from the statistics released by : Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Gujarat.

State-wise Districts with Maximum and Minimum Values of Literacy Rate (Persons) in India (2001 census):

States	Literacy Rate	District with Maximum Literacy Rate	Literacy Rate	District with Minimum Literacy Rate	Literacy Rate	Gap in Maximum and Minimum Value
Sikkim	69.68	East	75.57	West	59.31	16.26
Arunachal Pradesh	54.74	Papum Pare	70.89	East Kameng	40.89	30.00
Nagaland	67.11	Mokokchung	84.27	Mon	42.25	42.02
Manipur	68.87	Imphal West	80.61	Senapati	50.47	30.14
Mizoram	88.49	Aizawl	96.64	Lawngtlai	56.45	40.19
Tripura	73.66	West Tripura	77.82	Dhalai	61.56	16.26
Meghalaya	63.31	East Kashi Hills	76.98	West Garo Hills	51.03	25.95
Assam	64.28	Jorhat	77.91	Dhubri	49.86	28.05

Compiled from the statistics released by : Census of India 2001

State wise Estimated Mid-Year Population:

('000 nos.)

State	As on 1^st July
State	1991	2006	2007	2008
Arunachal Pradesh	873	1174	1188	1203
Assam	22569	28797	29183	29564
Manipur	1851	2317	2346	2374
Meghalaya	1791	2480	2510	2540
Mizoram	697	950	962	973
Nagaland	1229	2128	2154	2180
Sikkim	410	578	586	593
Tripura	2781	3421	3463	3505

Source: Statistical Pocket Book India 2008

Literacy Rate (%) of NER:

States	2001 Census			2004-2005
States	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Arunachal Pradesh	54	64	44	60	65	54
Assam	63	71	55	71	76	65
Manipur*	71	80	61	76	82	69
Meghalaya	63	65	60	78	79	76
Mizoram	89	91	87	90	90	90
Nagaland	67	71	62	78	82	75
Sikkim	69	76	60	75	80	70
Tripura	73	81	65	74	79	69

* Excludes Figures of Paomata, Mao Maram and Puru sub-divisions of Senapati dist. of Manipur for 2001Census.

Source: Statistical Pocket Book India 2008

Decadal Variation in Population, Change in Decadal Variation and Average Exponential Growth Rate of Population:

State	Decadal variation in population (per cent)			Change in the growth rate		Average annual exponential (growth rate)
State	1971-81	1981-91	1991-01	Col.3-Col.2	Col.4-Col.3	1971-81	1981-91	1991-01
Arunachal Pradesh	35.15	36.83	27.00	1.68	-9.83	3.01	3.14	2.39
Assam	23.36	24.24	18.92	0.88	-5.32	2.10	2.17	1.73
Manipur	32.46	29.29	24.86	-3.17	-4.43	2.81	2.57	2.22
Meghalaya	32.04	32.86	30.65	0.82	-2.21	2.78	2.84	2.67
Mizoram	48.55	39.70	28.82	-8.85	-10.87	3.96	3.34	2.53
Nagaland	50.05	56.08	64.53	6.03	8.44	4.06	4.45	4.98
Tripura	31.92	34.30	16.03	2.38	-18.27	2.77	2.95	1.49
Sikkim	50.77	24.47	33.06	-22.30	4.60	4.11	2.51	2.86
All India	24.66	23.85	21.54	-0.79	-2.33	2.20	2.14	1.93

Source: 1. 1901-1981 population from general population Table (Part II – A)

2. Figures of 1991 (Including interpolated data for JK-1991 based on 2001 census) and figures of 2001 from PCA Census of India – 2001.

Distribution of Workers by Category of Workers (e.g., Cultivators, Agricultural Labourers, Household Industries Workers and Other Workers by Sex:

State	Total workers	Cultivators		Agricultural labourers		Household industry workers		Other worker
State	Total workers	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Arunachal Pradesh
Persons	482902	279300	57.8	18840	3.9	6043	6,043	6043	6043
Male	293612	136336	46.4	10329	3.5	3177	1.1	143770	49.0
Female	189290	142964	75.5	8511	4.5	2866	1.5	34949	18.5
Assam
Persons	9538591	3730773	39.1	1263532	13.2	344912	3.6	4199374	44.0
Male	6870960	2634068	38.3	832508	12.1	133902	1.9	3270482	47.6
Female	2667631	1096705	41.1	431024	16.2	211010	7.9	928892	34.8
Manipur
Persons	945213	379705	40.2	113630	12.0	96920	10.3	354958	37.6
Male	527216	214282	40.6	49928	9.5	20547	3.9	242459	46.0
Female	417997	165423	39.6	63702	15.2	76373	18.3	112499	26.9
Meghalaya
Persons	970146	467010	48.1	171694	17.7	21225	2.2	310217	32.0
Male	568491	255018	44.9	90888	16.0	9358	1.6	213227	37.5
Female	401655	211992	52.8	80806	20.1	11867	3.0	96990	24.1
Mizoram
Persons	467159	256332	54.9	26783	5.7	7100	1.5	176944	37.9
Male	263008	130497	49.6	12775	4.9	3476	1.3	116260	44.2
Female	204151	125835	61.6	14008	6.9	3624	1.8	60684	29.7
Nagaland
Persons	847796	548845	64.7	30907	3.6	21873	2.6	246171	29.0
Male	488968	270927	55.4	15985	3.3	9193	1.9	192863	39.4
Female	358828	277918	77.5	14922	4.2	12680	3.5	53308	14.9
Sikkim
Persons	263043	13,258	49.9	17000	6.5	4219	1.6	110566	42.0
Male	165716	70107	42.3	8762	5.3	2849	1.7	83998	50.7
Female	97327	61151	62.8	8238	8.5	1370	1.4	26568	27.3
Tripura
Persons	1159561	313300	27.0	276132	23.8	35292	3.0	534837	46.1
Male	831346	220962	26.6	162640	19.6	14830	1.8	432914	52.1
Female	328215	92338	28.1	113492	34.6	20462	6.2	101923	31.1

Source: Primary Census Abstract: Census of India 2001

Number of total worker, main and marginal worker by sex Census of India-2001:

State	Total workers			Main worker			Marginal worker
State	Person	Male	Female	Person	Male	Female	Person	Male	Female
Assam	9538,591	6870960	2667631	7114097	5849032	1265065	2424494	1021928	1402566
Arunachal Pradesh	482902	293612	189290	415007	267384	147623	67895	26228	41667
Nagaland	847796	488968	358828	703977	424811	279166	143819	64157	79662
Manipur	945213	527216	417997	659364	430227	229137	285849	96989	188860
Mizoram	467159	263008	204151	362450	225428	137022	104709	37580	67129
Meghalaya	970146	568491	401655	757011	485694	271317	213135	82797	130338
Tripura	1159561	831346	328215	912292	742054	170238	247269	89292	157977
Sikkim	263043	165716	97327	212904	146541	66363	50139	19175	30964

Source: Primary Census Abstract: Census of India 2001

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION:

Number of Districts, DRDAs, Blocks and Villages, Inhabited & Uninhabited in Northeastern Region as on 1^st April 2008:

(Unit : Number)

State	District As on 2001	Number of		Total Villages*	Inhabited Villages*	Uninhabited Villages	Towns As per 2001 census
State	District As on 2001	DRDAs	Blocks	Total Villages*	Inhabited Villages*	Uninhabited Villages	Towns As per 2001 census
Arunachal Pradesh	13	16	89	4065	3863	202	17
Assam	27	27	222	26312	25124	1188	125
Manipur	9	9	37	2275	2199	76	33
Meghalaya	7	7	39	6026	5782	244	16
Mizoram	8	8	26	817	707	110	22
Nagaland	11	11	52	1317	1278	39	9
Sikkim	4	1	8	452	450	2	9
Tripura	4	4	40	870	858	12	23
Total	83	83	513	42134	40261	1873	245
All India	618	609	5637	639445	594589	44856	5161

Note: DRDAs stands for District Rural Development Agengies

*As per Census 2001

Source: Statistical Pocket Book India 2008

Number of Panchayats as on 31^st March 2008:

Districts	Village Panchayat	District Panchayat
Arunachal Pradesh #	1639	14
Assam	2223	20
Manipur	165	4
Meghalaya	@
Mizoram	@
Nagaland	@
Sikkim	163	95
Tripura	513	4

# The figures do not include Tirap District

@ These States have Traditional Council of Villages Elders

Source: Statistical Pocket Book India 2008

BIRTH / DEATH RATE:

Estimated Annual Birth Rates:

State	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	2000	2001	2002	2004	2006
Arunachal Pradesh	30.1	30.9	26.6	28.0	23.5	23.8	21.9	21.4	22.3	22.2	20.2	21.2	22.5
Assam	38.5	30.9	30.8	29.5	30.8	29.3	27.6	28.2	26.9	27.0	26.6	25.1	24.6
Manipur	21.1	20.1	19.5	20.5	21.7	20.6	19.6	19.7	18.3	18.3	16.8	13.9	13.4
Meghalaya	31.8	32.4	29.8	28.5	29.5	29.0	30.4	30.2	28.5	28.3	25.8	25.2	24.7
Mizoram	-	-	-	-	-	-	15.1	15.1	16.0	15.7	16.9	19.1	17.8
Nagaland	16.2	18.5	19.2	20.0	20.1	N.A.	N.A.	30.2	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	13.9	17.3
Sikkim	26.3	22.5	22.0	24.3	24.6	22.5	20.0	19.8	21.8	21.6	21.9	19.5	19.2
Tripura	24.9	24.4	23.1	23.3	21.9	18.9	18.4	18.3	16.5	16.1	14.9	15.0	16.6

N.A.- Not Available.

Source : Sample Registration Bulletins & RGI.

Statistical Hand Book of Assam 2006 & 2007

Estimated Annual Death Rates:

State	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	2000	2001	2002	2004	2006
Arunachal Pradesh	13.2	13.5	9.4	8.9	9.9	6.0	5.5	8.3	6.0	5.7	4.8	4.7	5.0
Assam	11.5	10.4	10.2	9.2	9.6	9.6	9.9	-	9.6	6.9	9.2	8.8	8.7
Manipur	5.9	5.4	5.6	4.8	6.7	6.7	5.8	5.9	5.6	5.2	4.6	4.3	4.5
Meghalaya	7.8	8.8	8.5	6.8	7.1	8.9	8.9	8.8	9.2	9.0	7.7	7.3	8.0
Mizoram	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.7	4.8	5.2	4.4	4.8	5.2	5.5
Nagaland	4.1	3.3	3.8	4.7	4.3	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	3.7	4.8
Sikkim	7.3	7.5	5.8	6.9	2.9	6.9	6.5	4.8	5.7	5.1	4.9	4.9	5.6
Tripura	7.1	7.6	7.6	6.4	5.3	7.7	6.5	6.8	5.4	5.6	5.7	5.5	6.3

N.A.- Not Available.

Source : Sample Registration Bulletins & RGI.

Statistical Hand Book of Assam 2006 & 2007

Infant Mortality:

State	2004	2006
Arunachal Pradesh	38	40
Assam	66	67
Manipur	14	11
Meghalaya	54	53
Mizoram	19	25
Nagaland	17	20
Sikkim	32	33
Tripura	32	36

Source: Statistical Hand Book of Assam 2006 & 2007

The region is marked by uneven spatial distribution of population among the constituent states, the primary reason being that the plains and valleys offer more congenial conditions for absorption of population than the hills and difficult terrains.

Apart from Assam and Tripura, the NE states are mostly inhabited by tribes having unique social and cultural practices. Overall, tribals account for over 30% of the total population of this region. However, in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland, scheduled tribes comprise more than 60% of the population. That is what gives these states a predominantly tribal character.

SOME GENERAL INFORMATION:

Major Plantation: Tea

Major Crops: Rice

Major Minerals: Coal, Petroleum, & Natural Gas.

Major Religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism.

Languages spoken: English, Hindi, Assamese, Khasi, Garo, Jaintia, Manipuri, Mizo, Nagamese, Bengali, Nepali, Bhutia (Sikkimese), Bhutia (Tibetan), Lepcha, Limboo, Local dialects.

CENSUS 2011 (Provisional):

►PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS◄

Arunachal Pradesh 1	Assam 1	Manipur 1	Meghalaya 1	Mizoram 1	Nagaland 1	Sikkim 1	Tripura 1
Arunachal Pradesh 2	Assam 2	Manipur 2	Meghalaya 2	Mizoram 2	Nagaland 2	Sikkim 2	Tripura 2

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General Information

North East India comprises:

International Boundaries:

Some of the salient feature of North Eastern Region including Sikkim:

Population Trends in Northeastern Region:

Distribution of Population by Area-2001 (Persons):

Total Population, Population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and their proportions to the total population:

Number of Literate and literacy rate by sex (2001 Census):

State-wise Literacy Rate by Sex for Rural/Urban Areas in India (Census 2001)

State-wise Effective Literacy Rate by Sex in NER, (1961 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001) :

State-wise Districts with Maximum and Minimum Values of Literacy Rate (Persons) in India (2001 census):

State wise Estimated Mid-Year Population:

Literacy Rate (%) of NER:

Decadal Variation in Population, Change in Decadal Variation and Average Exponential Growth Rate of Population:

Distribution of Workers by Category of Workers (e.g., Cultivators, Agricultural Labourers, Household Industries Workers and Other Workers by Sex:

Number of total worker, main and marginal worker by sex Census of India-2001:

Number of Districts, DRDAs, Blocks and Villages, Inhabited & Uninhabited in Northeastern Region as on 1st April 2008:

Number of Panchayats as on 31st March 2008:

Estimated Annual Birth Rates:

Estimated Annual Death Rates:

Infant Mortality:

CENSUS 2011 (Provisional):

State-wise Literacy Rate by Sex for Rural/Urban Areas in India
(Census 2001)

Number of Districts, DRDAs, Blocks and Villages, Inhabited & Uninhabited in Northeastern Region as on 1^st April 2008:

Number of Panchayats as on 31^st March 2008: